![]() ![]() Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Managing stress: A person can try to manage their stress by undergoing cognitive behavioral therapy or learning mindfulness and relaxation techniques.Common foods and drinks that can trigger migraine episodes include chocolate, caffeine, and alcoholic drinks. ![]() Keeping a food diary: A person can use a diary to keep track of their migraine frequency and severity to identify any possible triggers.People should aim to eat regular, balanced meals spaced throughout the day. Eating regular meals: Hunger can be a migraine trigger for some people.If exercise seems to be a migraine trigger, people can discuss how to work around this with a doctor. A person can start by trying a small amount and then building up over time. Exercising regularly: Getting regular exercise may help with migraine.Sleeping well: Good sleep hygiene may help reduce the severity and frequency of migraine episodes.Some lifestyle changes that can help a person avoid potential triggers and manage their migraine headaches include: There may be certain triggers that exacerbate a person’s symptoms. However, condition awareness and lifestyle changes may help a person reduce the severity of their migraine episodes. Refractory migraine can be difficult to treat. Oral preventive CGRP medications: A doctor may prescribe oral medications such as Qulipta or Nurtec to treat episodic migraine.There are currently four devices with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval that target different areas to treat migraine episodes. Neuromodulation : This treatment involves a handheld or implanted device that can regulate activity in the nervous system that contributes to migraine.Anti calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP) : A doctor administers these treatments as injections under the skin, with the exception of eptinezumab, which involves an IV infusion.Corticosteroids : A doctor may administer this treatment through an IV line or give it as an oral pill.IV magnesium sulfate: This treatment is suitable for migraine with aura.Dihydroergotamine (DHE): DHE comes in several forms, including a nasal spray, oral pills, and an IV injection.Some other medications that a doctor could consider for the treatment of refractory migraine include: Treatment may also involve antiemetics, which can help manage nausea and vomiting. Standard treatments for migraine involve medications to reduce pain, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.Ī doctor may also develop a treatment plan to prevent migraine episodes with medications, such as blood pressure medications, antidepressants, or anticonvulsants. If a person’s migraine episodes do not respond to treatment, a doctor may consider their condition to be refractory migraine. The IHS considers a person’s migraine chronic if they experience headaches on 15 or more days per month for 3 months. The criteria also include having at least five headaches lasting 4–72 hours and experiencing either nausea and vomiting or sensitivity to light or sound. pain that worsens with physical activity.The International Headache Society (IHS) defines migraine as having two out of four of the following features: The doctor can then decide if the person’s symptoms fit the criteria for migraine. The doctor may also order further tests, such as MRI and CT scans, to help rule out other potential causes of the symptoms. They may also perform a neurological exam. A doctor will ask questions about the nature of a person’s symptoms and medical history. There is no specific test to diagnose migraine. Getting a diagnosis is important, as it helps people understand their symptoms and seek treatment. The most common symptoms of this phase include: This phase lasts for a day or two after the headache. Research from 2016 estimates that around 80% of people experience a postdrome phase. affects the area around the eyes or cheeksĪ person may also experience gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting.occurs on one or both sides of the head.is moderate to severe, possibly preventing them from completing their daily activities.Aura can include flashing lights and other sensory symptoms.ĭuring the headache phase, a person can experience head pain that: Symptoms that can occur in the prodrome stage include:Īura may occur in some people just before an episode. Migraine episodes can vary and may have several stages, including: ![]()
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